ElectricalChile

Profiter L'Ingénierie



Learn how Works Pneumatic and Electrical Systems





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Simulating Pneumatic Actuador one effect "Spring Return" by Start/Stop
how pneumatic cylinders work


First, We must to know these concepts:

  • Pneumatic: All elements to consider for a Compressed Air System as Compressor, Air Receiver, Manual Valves, Filters, FRL, Solenoid Valves, Pressure Regulators, Manifolds, Pipings, etc

  • Electrical Control System: In this case is the main way to start any Pneumatic Circuit, The Control system is very important to manage, operate, get safe and have a right development in the process

Must Knowledge

Electricity
Basic English
Electrical Control Systems



MAIN SUMMARY
STEP 1: Pneumatic Components
STEP 2: Pneumatic Actuators
STEP 3: Electrical Control System
STEP 4: P&ids Diagram
STEP 5: Start a Project
STEP 6: QUESTIONS & ANSWERS


PASO 1 : PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS

Let's see a Simple Pneumatic Project and the main components


  • Pneumatic Actuator: Final device that works directly with the Processs, you can find Pneumatic Cylinders (Air Piston), Pneumatic Motors, Pneumatic Valves, etc

  • Solenoid Valves: Also called Electrovalves and are electrical devices that when are "activated or energized" it controls the Air Flow through of the Piping-Valves to get Air into Actuator

  • Pipings: here is where the fluid or air is transported from a place to other, in this case is where the Compressed Air is distribuited from Compressor to Final Actuators

  • FRL Unit: Special device that have Filter, Regulator and Lubricator, for a better and safe design in each machine you should protect your air process with a FRL Unit

  • Pressure Regulator: Sometimes the Final Actuator works with a different Pressure that the Compressor give us, a Regulator is a element that regulate pressure and may create in a final actuator a safer way to work

  • Air Compressor: The Compressor Extract air from enviroment and Compress it for then Store into an Air Receiver, always the air must to be filtered and cleaned

  • Air Receiver: Also called Air Tank, is a very important part in a Pneumatic System, here is the place where Compressed Air is Stored and then will distribuite to the Pneumatic Circuits



PASO 2: PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS

Let's 2 ways of how use correctly Linear Pneumatic Actuators

Linear Actuator Spring Return

Identify:

  • Only has 1 Input of Compressed Air
  • The Power is executed in just one way, the power start when Actuator receive Air Compressed
  • Return is of the type "Spring Return"
  • The Power of Return is lower than when the Actuator is activated by Compressed Air

Linear Actuator 2 Effects

Identify

  • Both Sides have Air Compressed Inputs, 2 inputs of air, Back or Forward
  • The power is almost the same when in "Forward" and "Back" of the Pneumatic Actuator
  • Very important NEVER have both sides with pneumatic activated; only Forward or Bsack
  • The Electrical Control System make it works, right function, safe and better operation

Now that we have the knowledge of how the Cilinders or Actuator work, Let's work with Electromechanical system and Pneumatic!


PASO 3: WIRING ELECTRICAL

Very easy Control Systems wire to understand all process

Control Wire in 24VAC and Start/Stop for a Solenoid Valve and Pneumatic Actuator "Spring Return"

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Simulating Control System and Actuator "Spring Return"

Control Wire in 24VAC and Start/Stop for a Solenoid Valve and Pneumatic Actuator 2 Effects

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Simulating Control System and Actuator 2 effects
We can use a 3-Ways Solenoid Valve to Control the Flow for a Cylinder with 2 Effects, example above is for understand the Concept



PASO 4: P&IDS DIAGRAMS

In all Instrumentation Projects is very important consider P&ids Diagrams

Now let's see how the Control Systems work directly over the Pneumatic System, gonna use Buttons Start and Stop tp activate a Solenoid Valve and it allows the Flow over the final Pneumatic Actuator

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P&ids Diagram of a Actuator 1 effect Spring return (Simbologia Norma ISA)

If you want to see all ISA Simbology follow and click next links:

Library Automation
DocPlayer.net/process-analysis
Integrated.cc/Instrumentation



PASO 5: START PROJECT

Let's see a example how Electromechanical and Pneumatic works together

Next example will be a Pneumatic Press Machine for Cans, the Pneumatic Actuator is a Cilinder one effect Spring Return

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Pneumatic and Electrical Control System

If is true you can find more complex examples that work with PLCs, Pneumatic Complex Circuits, etc, but this is the first step to understand and you will see that start here is begin to be an Expert in Engineering Control Systems!



QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

HERE ANSWERS LIST:

  1. Which are the main elements in a Pneumatic System of Air Compressed?
    See all detailed in STEP 1 HERE and will explain you the necessary elements you need in Pneumatic, Mechanical Engineering is diferent to Electricity because have many points to consider for a right functionality

  2. What elements in Pneumatic execute on the Control Process?
    Most common are Pneumatic Actuators, as Cylinders with Pistons, Pneumatic Motors, etc; the Solenoid Valves are the device that control the Pneumatic Flow over the final Actuator

  3. Where Can Learn Electrical Control Systems?
    The Industrial Control is very important to work with electricity and complex projects, we recommend you learn in LEARN ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS